Syed Nissar H Gilani
As winter approaches, Kashmiri eagerly search for their traditional kangri, a portable heating bowl made from an earthen pot covered with wickerwork, typically weighing around a kilogram or more. The size and capacity of kangris vary, and over time, the fuel used to ignite them has evolved from dried river residue (hak) and chopped tree branches to charcoal. The kangri’s design has been perfected over centuries, with artisans carefully crafting each piece to ensure maximum heat retention and safety.
A unique aspect of the kangri is the Tchalan, a shoe-horn-like apparatus made of wood or metal, working like a manual remote control to regulate the heat. The inner portion of the kangri is called the Kundal, which holds the burning charcoal or other fuel. There’s also a cruder version called the kang or Manan, made from raw, grilled brown clay, which, although less common, is still used in certain areas. The kangri’s versatility has led to various regional designs, each with its own distinct characteristics.
The kangri is an indigenous invention, with no foreign influence, despite some writers attributing its origin to Italy, which lacks historical evidence. The harsh winters in Kashmir necessitated the invention of the kangri, which has provided immense benefits, including culinary uses, such as cooking eggs or potatoes, and warming raw walnuts or quince. However, it has also been known to cause devastating fires when mishandled, and excessive use can lead to kangri cancer if used on bare skin.
In addition to its practical uses, the kangri has also been employed as a weapon in fierce fights, with opponents throwing them at each other, causing fatal injuries. Furthermore, it’s an integral part of Kashmiri culture, often paired with the traditional gown called pheran, which provides warmth and comfort during the harsh winters. The kangri’s significance extends beyond its functional use, representing warmth, hospitality, and community.
The importance of the kangri is reflected in a famous Kashmiri quote: “A kangri is mortgaged for Rs 100,” which was a huge sum when the phrase was coined, highlighting its significance and relevance. Poets from times immemorial have been writing praises in its favor, often using the kangri as a metaphor for warmth, love, and comfort. Special kangris with decorative pieces of glass are used for decorative purposes, showcasing their beauty.
Historical texts also confirm the kangri’s long-standing presence in Kashmir. Rajatarangini, a renowned historical account, mentions the use of kangri in Kashmir from times immemorial, further solidifying its place in the region’s culture. The kangri’s enduring presence is a testament to the resourcefulness and ingenuity of the Kashmiri people.
Contrary to popular belief, the kangri’s origins are not attributed to the most loved king of Kashmir, Zainul Abidin who ruled Kashmir for 50 years. While he might not have invented the kangri, it’s possible that he contributed to improving its production or supported the artisans financially, helping to keep the tradition and importance of the craft alive. Similarly, the Mughals, who ruled Kashmir for a significant period, had no role in introducing the concept of kangri or kangur, which is a testament to the kangri’s indigenous roots.
The kangri also plays a significant role in Kashmiri rituals and celebrations. On special occasions like marriages, festivals, and other celebrations, Isbund a wild herb, is often put in the kangri to ward off the evil eye and create a pleasant aroma in the atmosphere. This practice is believed to bring good fortune and positivity to the occasion.
In older times, Kashmiri would gift a beautifully woven kangri to newlyweds, filled with walnuts as a gift, symbolizing warmth and prosperity. Kangris are made in many areas of Kashmir, but those from Charrisharief, Doru Shabad, Islama bad and Bandipore are particularly sought after for their quality. Although the prices have gone up, they are worth it for the craftsmanship and warmth they provide.
As modernization and urbanization transform the region, the kangri remains an essential part of Kashmiri identity. Efforts are being made to preserve traditional craftsmanship and promote sustainable practices in kangri production. Despite the increasing use of modern heating appliances, the kangri remains a cherished symbol of Kashmiri culture and will continue to be passed down through generations.
The writer is an author and former civil servant, can be reached at nisargilani57748@gmail.com
