Syed Nissar H Gilani
Kashmir is a land defined by its rugged mountains and resilient forests, yet it bears the silent scars of disappearing biodiversity. Among our most tragic losses is the precarious state of the Hangul (Kashmiri Stag), a magnificent creature granted by nature to this region alone. Once roaming freely across the valley, this unique red deer is now largely confined to the boundaries of the Dachigam National Park, with perhaps only a few survivors in the surrounding high-altitude ridges.
My interest in this species dates back to my postgraduate days in the Zoology Department at Kashmir University. In the 1970s, the prevailing sentiment among our distinguished faculty was one of cautious optimism. There was a firm belief that with targeted intervention, the Hangul population could be restored to a healthy, sustainable level. Decades later, the rhetoric remains the same. Since then, I have attended many conferences on the subject matter where learned participants deliver polished, scripted lectures and impressive digital presentations. The audience listens, takes notes, and ends with pledges and resolutions. Yet, despite these efforts, concrete results on the ground have been barely visible.
While authorities once publicized census figures that left room for doubt, technology has advanced. Today, with satellite tracking and drone surveillance, we have better tools to establish a definitive count. Encouragingly, the latest 2025 census indicates that the population has finally shown a steady rise, reaching approximately 323 individuals—a record high in recent decades. But while we celebrate this progress and continue to struggle to save the shy and fearful Hangul, we must also look toward the vast, cold frontiers of Dras and Kargil, where a different vision—the introduction of the Reindeer—might take root.
A Global Model for the Highlands
Dras is recognized as the second coldest inhabited place on earth, mirroring the subarctic steppes of Russia and Mongolia. In these regions, governments have long recognized the value of reindeer. In Norway, Finland, and Russia, reindeer husbandry is a pillar of the economy. For the nomadic and highland populations of Kashmir, the Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) offers a unique opportunity for domestication. Unlike our native Ibex, which is endangered and remains elusive, reindeer have faithfully served their masters for millennia. They are independent enough to find their own food under the snow but docile enough to be led by humans.
Productivity and Economic Vitality
From a scientific and agricultural standpoint, the reindeer is a powerhouse of nutrition in extreme climates. A female reindeer can produce a rich, high-fat milk that is a vital resource in cold regions. Furthermore, their digestive systems are remarkably robust; as per deep scientific studies, they can be fed with carrots and hay produced by local agriculturists without any health issues. Reindeer meat is a staple for many northern nomadic groups and is considered a healthy, lean luxury meat in global markets.
Lessons from Mauritius
The potential for this project is not merely ecological, but social. I recall my visit to the Seven Cascades and parks near Port Louis in Mauritius. There, I saw various deer species living in proximity to people. These animals were fed scientifically and had become socialized; they would mingle with tourists, creating a harmonious experience. I even have photographs with these beautiful creatures—a sharp contrast to our fearful Hangul.
By introducing and domesticating Reindeer in the highlands of Dras or Kargil, we could create a “Reindeer Safari” to attract global tourism. Local families could find new life as herders, producing unique dairy and meat products while utilizing the vast highlands that are currently underused.
Conclusion
The Hangul is our heritage, and we must preserve its sanctuary in Dachigam. However, the Reindeer could be our future. By learning from the
successful models of the North and the tourism successes of the Tropics, we can transform the cold deserts of Kashmir into a thriving hub of wildlife, culture, and prosperity.
Syed Nissar H. Gilani is a former civil servant from the administrative service.
